Get all disk drives

; Displays to current drives on your system that can be accessed
;  by DOS.
;
.model tiny
.186
.code

; we know that all machines have a drive a: (first floppy)
; we know that all machines have a drive b: also, whether it be
;  a second floppy drive or a logical floppy drive.
; let us use DOS's Low Memory to tell us if drive b: is a floppy
;  or if it is a logical floppy.

           mov  dx,offset DrvAChkS
           mov  ah,09
           int  21h
           call GetADrvs
           mov  ah,02                   ; print 'A'
           mov  dl,'A'
           int  21h
           test cl,00000001b
           jz   short DrvANPrs
           mov  dx,offset DrvThere
           jmp  short DrvAPrsP
DrvANPrs:  mov  dx,offset DrvNThere
DrvAPrsP:  mov  ah,09
           int  21h
           mov  ah,02                   ; print 'B'
           mov  dl,'B'
           int  21h
           test cl,00000010b
           jz   short DrvBNPrs
           mov  dx,offset DrvThere
           jmp  short DrvBPrsP
DrvBNPrs:  mov  dx,offset DrvNThere
DrvBPrsP:  mov  ah,09
           int  21h


; we need to save current drive letter so when routine is done, we will
;  be on same drive that we started

           mov  ah,19h                  ; save current disk drive
           int  21h                     ;
           push ax                      ; save the letter

; we scan drives c: through z: to check if they're are accessible by DOS.
;   The way we do it:
;     Change drive to DriveLetterWanted
;     Try to access drive
;       if accessed then drive ok, else drive not present
;
; NOTE:  When changing to a drive using service 0Eh of INT 21h,
;         no physical thing happens until next drive access.
;         So, we must try to access it using service 19h (get current disk).
;         This service will report an error if disk drive not available.

           mov  dl,01h                  ; check for the drive (start w/ C:)
           mov  cx,24                   ; do 24 times
LoopIt:    inc  dl                      ; inc to next drive letter
           push dx                      ; save drive letter
           push dx                      ; print drive letter
           mov  ah,02                   ;
           add  dl,65                   ;
           int  21h                     ;
           pop  dx                      ;
           mov  ah,0Eh                  ; select disk drive service
           int  21h                     ;
           mov  ah,19h                  ; Try to access it
           int  21h                     ;
           cmp  al,dl                   ; if current drive = saved drive
           jne  short NotExist          ;
           mov  dx,offset DrvThere      ;
           jmp  short DoesExist         ;
NotExist:  mov  dx,offset DrvNThere     ;
DoesExist: mov  ah,09                   ;
           int  21h                     ;
           pop  dx                      ;
           loop LoopIt                  ;


; restore save drive letter from above
           pop  dx                      ; restore saved drive letter
           mov  ah,0Eh                  ; restore current disk
           int  21h                     ;

Done:      mov  ah,4Ch                  ; exit to DOS
           int  21h                     ; 

GetADrvs   proc near uses ax bx dx es
                                        ;                      (floppies only)
           xor  cl,cl                   ; bits set represent drvs available
           mov  dx,0040h                ; low memory area we want to use
           mov  es,dx                   ;
           mov  bx,0010h                ; we want word at 0040:0010h
           mov  dx,es:[bx]              ;
           shr  dl,01h                  ; Bit 0 of dx: 0- no floppies
           jnc  short NoFlops           ;              1- floppies exist
           shr  dl,05h                  ; bits 7 and 6 show how many
           jz   short OneDrv            ;  0- one drive, 1- two drives
           or   cl,00000011b            ;  2- three drives, 3- four drives
           jmp  short NoFlops           ;
OneDrv:    mov  dx,0050h                ; let us see which drive is active
           mov  es,dx                   ;  a: or b: (which is currently
           mov  bx,0004h                ;  the default drive letter)
           mov  dl,es:[bx]              ; 0- Acting as drive A:
           or   dl,dl                   ; 1- Acting as drive B:
           je   short DrvAasA           ;
           or   cl,00000010b            ; set accordingly
           jmp  short NoFlops           ;  .
DrvAasA:   or   cl,00000001b            ;  .
NoFlops:   ret                          ;
GetADrvs   endp                         ; end of procedure

DrvAChkS  db  13,10,'Checking Floppy drives a: and b:...',13,10,36
DrvThere  db  '   Drive present',13,10,36
DrvNThere db  '   Drive NOT present',13,10,36

.end


Note: If you use the value in AL after calling service 0Eh, to determine
        the number of drives in your system, beware.  In MS-DOS versions
        3.0 and later, the value is determined by taking the largest of
        the following:  the number of logical drives actually installed
        (including RAM disks), the number of drives indicated in the
        LASTDRIVE command in CONFIG.SYS, or the number 5.  Therefore, the
        minimum value returned by this function is 05h. (Norton p.318)

Note: Even though this routine will return 'Drive NOT present' if you only
        have one floppy drive, the other drive letter is a logical drive
        and if accessed will use the single floppy drive renaming its drive
        letter to B: if was A: (or visa-versa)
        ie: if the current floppy drive letter is a: and the following was
          typed at the DOS prompt:
            b:
          then the drive would now be accessed with the drive letter 'b'
          (to change back, simply do the opposite, entering a: at the DOS
           prompt)  Most of the time, DOS will prompt you before it changes
           the disk drives' letter (name).
        **** In a Windows95 DOS session, Windows95 'gracefully' displays
             a blue screen asking you to enter the disk in the drive.  You
             would think that Microsoft could have just printed a line at
             the DOS prompt rather than going to so much trouble and
             'flashing' this message at you.
                   (*If it ain't broke don't fix it*)